한국콩연구회

콩 수확기계 효율 증진 및 생력체계 확립연구

Studies on the mechanization harvest technologies and on the establishment of integrated labor saving cultivation system in soybean

주관연구기관 : 국립식량과학원

연구책임자 : 신상욱

발행년월 : 2015-03

주관부처 : 농촌진흥청

원문

http://www.ndsl.kr/ndsl/commons/util/ndslOriginalView.do?dbt=TRKO&cn=TRKO201500010421&rn=&url=&pageCode=PG18

초록

Recently as producing conditions of sobean was changed cutivation area of paddy field was increased and cultivation scale was enlarged. According to this phenomena the necessity of mechanization saving of labor in soybean productin was incresed and the mechanizationin of soybean cultivation was fully realized because of ascending of labor cost in farm working. Therefore although various machines are developed and introduced to saving of labor of farm working the example of maladjustment often occur. Researches for integrated working model in soybean were carried out on early 1990. But, comparing to twenty years ago, farm working in soybean cultivation is mostly improved by new developed and introduced machines

Nowadays, the high ridge cultivation of soybean is popular in Korea because of preventing excess moisture injury during soybean cultivation. But combine harvest of soybean is difficult to adapt to high ridge culture of soybean because of its discordance rubber track on ridge width. Therefore, we developed a new soybean seeding machine with two row planting on one ridge bed for combine harvest and adjusted ridge width to harvest soybean by combine and established a new cultivation method. The soybean seeding machine was designed to form two ridge bed once practice of machine and practiced two row planting on one ridge bed. The machine was composed of three furrows, one planer of furrow surface and four seeders. We adjusted to 125㎝ between outside rows in two ridge bed. The ridge bed width was 65㎝ and drainage furrow width was 40㎝. Seed furrow designed 60㎝ length, 40㎝ width and 30㎝ height The plan shape of seed furrow closed to triangle and the side view shape closed to parallelogram. Planer of furrow surface is auger type and was operated by motor of oil pressure. The auger was composed of two parts and the direction of auger on one part is obverse. As the auger rotate the heap soil on the ridge bed was expelled to two outside directions. Seeder was utilized four complete products, seed spacing drill. Also, we attached two planer on each last side of machine to prevent the heap soil on side ridge bed as next seeding was practiced.

The ridge bed width was 65㎝ and drainage furrow width was 40㎝. We designed to form two ridge bed once practice of machine and practiced two row planting on one ridge bed. We adjusted to 125㎝ between outside rows in two ridge bed. Under this condition, 5 level planting distances of 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30㎝ were evaluated, Planting distance of 25㎝ and 30㎝ showed high yield, low lodging degree and favorable pod setting height as compared with other treatments. To select favorable weed control method, four control methods such as hand weeding, soil treatment and soil treatment adding earthing up were evaluated. We utilized mixture of alachlor and linuron and sequential treatment of alachlor and fluazifop-P-butyl after 30 days in soil treatment. The procedure of soil treatment adding earthing up was firstly soil treatment of alachlor emulsion, secondly earthing up and lastly spraying of alachlor granule. The optimum weed control method was soil treatment of mixture of alachlor and linuron which was the highest yield and possible for perfect weed control by once spraying. As we examined cutting high, loss of soybean seed and decline degree of combine newly developed seeding machine showed low cutting high and standard deviation, low loss of soybean seed and low decline degree which indicate high adaptability in combine harvest.

To compare farm working efficiency, we investigated newly developed and introduced machines during past twenty years and then collected promising farm machines. Lastly we combined new machines and evaluated new integrated work model. Investigation for machines was carried out in 6 regions and examined for total 8 kinds in 2012. However only three kinds of machine such as seeder(furrow making, P.E. mulching and seeding a the same time), fan sprayer and combine(yanmar) were investigated at Goesan in 2013

In evaluation of new integrated work model, the data was compared with the result carried on twenty years ago. The time of required exchanged to adjust on one hectare and necessary expenses applied to inflation rate in the past data. The gross time of required in model 1 and model 2 was 12.3 and 15.7 hour respectively, which is shorter by 27.7 and 24.3 hour than the past data. The time of required in most of farm working steps was shortened. The gross necessary expense compared to the past expense of 1,287,400won/ha was higher by 13,621won/ha. in model 1 and 185,461won/ha.in model 2. Considering above result, new integrated work model in soybean cultivation was more efficiency than the result of twenty years ago.

연구개발 결과

콩 콤바인 수확 적응이 가능한 작휴동시파종기를 개발하고 이에 맞는 재식거리 및 잡초방제방법을 구하여 콤바인 수확적응을 확인하였고 중규모 이상에서 콩 재배시 기존 보다 효율이 개선된 모델을 선정하였다.